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Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen

Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen

Die Schweiz hat mit mehr als hundert Staaten Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen abgeschlossen, darunter mit China, Hongkong, Singapur, den Golfstaaten und einer Reihe afrikanischer Länder. Die hier versammelten Beiträge erläutern, wie Ansässigkeit und Betriebsstätten nach diesen Abkommen bestimmt werden, wie die schweizerische Verrechnungssteuer auf Dividenden reduziert und zurückerstattet wird, welche Staaten ein Abkommen mit der Schweiz haben und welche nicht und wie die Abkommen mit den Investitionsschutzabkommen zusammenwirken. Sie helfen Konzernen und Investoren bei der Wahl des Standorts einer Holdinggesellschaft und bei der Gestaltung der Zahlungsströme zwischen ihren Gesellschaften.

More than one hundred treaties

Switzerland has concluded double taxation treaties with more than one hundred states, including China, Hong Kong, Singapore, the Gulf states and several African countries. The treaties decide how much tax is withheld on dividends, interest and royalties and where a company is taxed, which makes them central to any cross-border structure.

For a foreign group, the practical effect of a treaty can be considerable. Switzerland levies a withholding tax of 35 per cent on dividends, and a treaty can reduce this rate substantially, under some treaties to zero for qualifying participations, provided the recipient is entitled to the benefits and the refund or relief procedure is followed correctly and on time.

Substance and entitlement

Treaty benefits are not granted automatically. The Swiss Federal Tax Administration examines whether the person claiming relief is the beneficial owner of the income and whether the structure has genuine substance, and many modern treaties contain a principal purpose test directed against arrangements that serve mainly to obtain treaty benefits.

A holding or trading company in Switzerland therefore needs real management, qualified directors or staff in the country, and decisions that are actually taken there. Families and groups that plan their structure with these requirements in mind can use the treaty network with confidence and avoid disputes with the tax authorities of Switzerland and of the source states.

In this section

The articles explain the treaties with China and Hong Kong, the treaty network with African states and its gaps, and how tax treaties and investment protection agreements work together when a holding company is placed in Switzerland.